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+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy +of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal +in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights +to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell +copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is +furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all +copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, +OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE +SOFTWARE. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6b0c53 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + +# 🎨 qtizer + +command line quantization/palette-generation tool using k-means clustering on pixel data + +- [features](#features) +- [usage](#usage) +- [installation](#installation) + + +## features + +- hex and rgb formats +- output with color previews +- various supported file types + + +## usage + +``` +Usage: qtizer [OPTIONS] [output] + +Arguments: + Input file path + [output] Output file path + +Options: + -k Number of colors to quantize to [default: 8] + -n Number of k-means iterations to perform [default: 5] + -a, --with-alpha Include alpha channel + -s, --seed Optional RNG seed for reproducible results + -o, --output Output file path + - If not provided, outputs to stdout + -f, --format Palette output format [default: hex] [possible values: hex, rgb] + -h, --help Print help (see more with '--help') + -V, --version Print version +``` + +Example (output is colored accordingly in terminals): +```sh +$ qtizer wallpaper.png -k 3 -af rgb + +rgba(254, 254, 254, 0) +rgba(191, 150, 132, 254) +rgba(48, 45, 51, 254) +``` + + +## installation + +```sh +git clone https://github.com/mxhagen/qtizer +``` +```sh +cd qtizer; cargo build --release +``` +```sh +sudo cp target/release/qtizer /usr/local/bin +``` + diff --git a/src/cli.rs b/src/cli.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32a0055 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/cli.rs @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +use crate::colors::ColorFormat; +use clap::*; + +/// Quantization/palette-generation tool using k-means clustering on pixel dataI +#[derive(Parser, Debug)] +#[command(author, version, about)] +pub struct Args { + /// Input file path + #[arg(index = 1, value_name = "input")] + pub file_path: String, + + /// Number of colors to quantize to + #[arg(short = 'k', default_value_t = 8, value_name = "count")] + pub number: usize, + + /// Number of k-means iterations to perform + #[arg(short = 'n', default_value_t = 5, value_name = "count")] + pub iterations: usize, + + /// Include alpha channel + #[arg(short = 'a', long = "with-alpha", default_value_t = false)] + pub alpha: bool, + + /// Optional RNG seed for reproducible results + #[arg(short = 's', long = "seed", value_name = "number")] + pub seed: Option, + + /// Output file path + /// - If not provided, outputs to stdout + // TODO: implement image output + // /// - With image file extensions, outputs an image file + #[arg( + short = 'o', + long = "output", + conflicts_with = "output_positional", + value_name = "output", + verbatim_doc_comment + )] + pub output: Option, + + /// Output file path + #[arg(index = 2, conflicts_with = "output", value_name = "output")] + pub output_positional: Option, + + /// Palette output format + #[arg( + short = 'f', + long = "format", + default_value = "hex", + value_name = "fmt" + )] + pub format: Option, + // TODO: implement multi-threading + // /// Number of workers to use [default: core count] + // #[arg(short = 'j', long = "jobs", + // value_parser = clap::value_parser!(u32).range(1..), + // value_name = "count")] + // pub jobs: usize, +} + +/// semantic validation of arguments +pub fn semantically_validate(args: &Args) { + if args.format.is_some() + && (args.output.clone()) + .or(args.output_positional.clone()) + .is_some_and(is_image_file_path) + { + Args::command() + .error( + clap::error::ErrorKind::ArgumentConflict, + "cannot specify color format when outputting an image file.", + ) + .exit(); + } +} + +// TODO: implement image output +pub fn is_image_file_path

(file: P) -> bool +where + P: AsRef, +{ + file.as_ref() + .extension() + .and_then(|e| e.to_str()) + .is_some_and(|e| { + matches!( + e.to_lowercase().as_str(), + "png" | "jpg" | "jpeg" | "bmp" | "tiff" | "ppm" + ) + }) +} + +// TODO: implement static logger functionality for parsed arguments diff --git a/src/colors.rs b/src/colors.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee03a23 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/colors.rs @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +use crate::kmeans::Kmeansable; +use image::Rgba; + +// TODO: implement k-means for `Rgb` pixel format +// for slightly less mem-usage and faster calculation + +impl Kmeansable for Rgba { + type Sum = Rgba; + + /// black, transparent + fn zero() -> Self::Sum { + Rgba([0, 0, 0, 0]) + } + + /// euclidean distance between two rgba colors + fn distance(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 { + let dr = (self[0] as f64) - (other[0] as f64); + let dg = (self[1] as f64) - (other[1] as f64); + let db = (self[2] as f64) - (other[2] as f64); + let da = (self[3] as f64) - (other[3] as f64); + (dr * dr + dg * dg + db * db + da * da).sqrt() + } + + /// add two rgba colors, returning a u32 sum to avoid overflow + fn add(sum: &Self::Sum, other: &Self) -> Self::Sum { + Rgba([ + sum[0] + other[0] as u32, + sum[1] + other[1] as u32, + sum[2] + other[2] as u32, + sum[3] + other[3] as u32, + ]) + } + + /// calculate the mean of a sum of rgba colors and a count + fn div(sum: &Self::Sum, count: usize) -> Self { + if count == 0 { + // TODO: better error handling via static logger + panic!("tried to calculate mean of 0 colors (division by zero)"); + } + + Rgba([ + (sum[0] / count as u32) as u8, + (sum[1] / count as u32) as u8, + (sum[2] / count as u32) as u8, + (sum[3] / count as u32) as u8, + ]) + } +} + +/// calculate the rgba brightness (luminance) +pub fn brightness(&Rgba([r, g, b, _]): &Rgba) -> u32 { + ((0.299 * r as f32) + (0.587 * g as f32) + (0.114 * b as f32)) as u32 +} + +/// color code output format +#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, clap::ValueEnum)] +pub enum ColorFormat { + /// `#rrggbb` or `#rrggbbaa` + #[default] + Hex, + /// `rgb(r, g, b)` or `rgba(r, g, b, a)` + Rgb, +} +use ColorFormat::*; + +impl ColorFormat { + /// pretty print a color code in the format + /// when writing to terminals, uses ansi escape codes for color preview + pub fn pretty_print_color_code( + format: &ColorFormat, + writer: &mut W, + color: &image::Rgba, + with_alpha: bool, + ) where + W: std::io::Write, + { + match format { + Hex => Self::colored_with_format(writer, color, with_alpha, Self::hex_color_code), + Rgb => Self::colored_with_format(writer, color, with_alpha, Self::rgb_color_code), + } + } + + /// pretty print wrapper that colors output + /// given a callback providing the actual color formatting + fn colored_with_format( + writer: &mut W, + color: &image::Rgba, + with_alpha: bool, + callback: fn(&mut W, &image::Rgba, bool), + ) where + W: std::io::Write, + { + use std::io::IsTerminal; + let colorize = std::io::stdout().is_terminal(); + + if !colorize { + // just print formatted color, no ansi codes + return callback(writer, color, with_alpha); + } + + // ensure text has enough contrast to colored background + match brightness(&color) { + ..128 => write!(writer, "\x1b[38;2;255;255;255m"), // dark => white text + _ => write!(writer, "\x1b[38;2;0;0;0m"), // light => black text + } + .expect("failed to write output"); + + // print ansi codes for colored background + write!(writer, "\x1b[48;2;{};{};{}m", color[0], color[1], color[2],) + .expect("failed to write output"); + + // call the actual color printing function + callback(writer, color, with_alpha); + + // reset colors + write!(writer, "\x1b[0m").expect("failed to write output"); + } + + /// print uncolored hex color code, with optional alpha + fn hex_color_code(writer: &mut W, color: &image::Rgba, with_alpha: bool) + where + W: std::io::Write, + { + let Rgba([r, g, b, a]) = color; + + write!(writer, "#{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}", r, g, b).expect("failed to write output"); + + if with_alpha { + write!(writer, "{:02x}", a).expect("failed to write output"); + } + } + + /// print uncolored rgb color code, with optional alpha + fn rgb_color_code(writer: &mut W, color: &image::Rgba, with_alpha: bool) + where + W: std::io::Write, + { + let Rgba([r, g, b, a]) = color; + + match with_alpha { + true => write!(writer, "rgba({}, {}, {}, {})", r, g, b, a), + false => write!(writer, "rgb({}, {}, {})", r, g, b), + } + .expect("failed to write output") + } +} diff --git a/src/kmeans.rs b/src/kmeans.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d30af4 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/kmeans.rs @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +use rand::{SeedableRng, rngs::SmallRng, seq::IndexedRandom}; + +/// trait for types that can be clustered using k-means +pub trait Kmeansable { + /// output type for summation during mean calculation + type Sum: Clone + std::fmt::Debug; + + /// initial value for sum + fn zero() -> Self::Sum; + + /// distance function, according to which clustering is performed + fn distance(&self, other: &Self) -> f64; + + /// summation for mean calculation + fn add(sum: &Self::Sum, other: &Self) -> Self::Sum; + + /// division for mean calculation + fn div(sum: &Self::Sum, count: usize) -> Self; +} + +// TODO: look for speedups before parallelizing +// - k-d tree for nearest neighbor search? +// - triangle inequality to skip distance calculations? + +/// context for k-means clustering, containing an rng to initialize clusters +pub struct Context +where + R: rand::Rng, +{ + rng: R, +} + +impl Context { + /// k-means clustering for pixel data + /// + /// returns (clusters, assignments), such that for any given `x = assignments[i]`, `data[i]` belongs to `clusters[x]` + pub fn k_means(&mut self, data: &[T], k: usize, iterations: usize) -> (Vec, Vec) + where + T: Kmeansable + Clone, + { + let mut assignments: Vec = vec![0; data.len()]; + let mut clusters = data + .choose_multiple(&mut self.rng, k) + .cloned() + .collect::>(); + + for i in 0..iterations { + // TODO: implement static logger functionality for progress + eprintln!("processing k-means iteration {}/{}...", i + 1, iterations); + + // assign each point to the nearest cluster + for (i, point) in data.iter().enumerate() { + let min_idx = clusters + .iter() + .enumerate() + .min_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| f64::total_cmp(&a.distance(point), &b.distance(point))) + .unwrap() + .0; + + assignments[i] = min_idx; + } + + // move cluster to mean of its assigned points + let mut counts: Vec = vec![0; k]; + let mut sums = vec![T::zero(); k]; + + for (i, point) in data.iter().enumerate() { + let cluster_idx = assignments[i]; + counts[cluster_idx] += 1; + sums[cluster_idx] = T::add(&sums[cluster_idx], point); + } + + for i in 0..k { + if counts[i] != 0 { + clusters[i] = T::div(&sums[i].clone(), counts[i]); + } + } + } + + (clusters, assignments) + } + + /// create a new context with a seed + pub fn new(seed: u64) -> Self { + Self { + rng: SmallRng::seed_from_u64(seed), + } + } +} diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ada2948 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main.rs @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +use clap::{CommandFactory, Parser}; +use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH}; + +use crate::colors::ColorFormat; + +mod cli; +mod colors; +mod kmeans; + +fn main() { + let args = cli::Args::parse(); + cli::semantically_validate(&args); + + let seed = args.seed.unwrap_or_else(|| { + let millis = SystemTime::now() + .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH) + .expect("you are a time traveler (system time < unix epoch)") + .as_millis(); + + // least significant 64 bits + (millis & u64::MAX as u128) as u64 + }); + + let mut context = kmeans::Context::new(seed); + + // TODO: use rgb only, when use-alpha is false + // with this refactor, also look at storing results & necessary config in + // `Context` in order to pass it uniformly to the various handlers + + // open file and parse image + let img = image::open(args.file_path) + .expect("failed to open image") + .to_rgba8(); + + // run kmeans + let pixels = img.pixels().cloned().collect::>(); + let (clusters, _assignments) = context.k_means(&pixels, args.number, args.iterations); + + // handle output + match args.output.or(args.output_positional) { + None => palette_handler( + &clusters, + &mut std::io::stdout(), + args.alpha, + &args.format.unwrap_or_default(), + ), + + // TODO: implement image output + // Some(output_file) if is_image_file_path(&output_file) => image_file_handler(&clusters, &assignments, output_file), + Some(output_file) => { + let mut file = + std::fs::File::create(output_file).expect("failed to create output file"); + palette_handler( + &clusters, + &mut file, + args.alpha, + &args.format.unwrap_or_default(), + ); + } + } +} + +fn palette_handler( + clusters: &[image::Rgba], + writer: &mut W, + alpha: bool, + format: &ColorFormat, +) where + W: std::io::Write, +{ + // sort colors by alpha and brightness + let mut clusters = clusters.to_vec(); + clusters.sort_by(|a, b| { + a[3].cmp(&b[3]) // alpha first + .then_with(|| u32::cmp(&colors::brightness(b), &colors::brightness(a))) // then brightness + }); + + // output palette as hex #rrggbbaa + // output with ansi escape codes for color preview in terminal + for color in &clusters { + ColorFormat::pretty_print_color_code(format, writer, color, alpha); + writeln!(writer).expect("failed to write color to output"); + } +}